Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Spring 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease caused by the coronavirus. The initiation of vaccination significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of these patients. Some studies reported myocarditis as a rare complication after messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines (such as Pfizer).

The patient was a 26-year-old man without any history of the underlying disease with typical chest pain which spread to the back and left arm; he was diagnosed with myocarditis after the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The mechanism of myocarditis after AstraZeneca is not known precisely. It seems to be due to the AstraZeneca vaccine using adenovirus as a vector of the spike (S) protein of the virus, and it causes the production of antibodies in the body, while adenovirus can be one of the causes of myocarditis. On the other hand, it may be due to spike protein-mediated toxicity, which causes an inflammatory reaction such as myocarditis after the virus protein enters the bloodstream and eventually accumulates in various tissues, including the heart.

Myocarditis is a rare complication of the AstraZeneca vaccine, and this study could not recommend neglecting this vaccine.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are problems that children of parents with drug abuse suffer from. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictor factors of ADHD, CD, and ODD in children of parents with drug abuse.

The present study was a descriptive-analytic research. The statistical population of the study included the children of parents suffering from drug abuse in Sanandaj, Iran, during 2017-2018. The sample size included 196 individuals (91 girls and 105 boys) which were selected by stratified multistage random sampling. The instrument of this study was Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for analytical purposes.

Based on multiple regression's results analysis, predictors have a significant relationship between behavioral disorders (CD) in the children based on their fathers' job (P = 0.001), but there was no such a significant relationship between behavioral disorders (ODD, ADHD, CD) in the studiedchildren in terms of parents' occupation and level of education (P > 0.05).

The results of the current study could be used for psychiatric clinics, mental health, and education organizations. In addition, they will be used for the supportive organizations that want to help and support children with ADHD, CD, and ODD with parents with substance abuse

The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of confirmed and suspected hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Iran hospitals affiliated with the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on all confirmed and suspected hospitalized COVID-19 cases in hospitals affiliated with the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences between March and September 2020. Required data were obtained from the Hospital Intelligent Management System of hospitals. Independent t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for univariate analysis. Variables with P-value < 0.3 in univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate model, and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated.

Out of 9176 cases, 3210 cases (35.03%) were confirmed with COVID-19. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age of the cases was 56.5 ± 19.3 in the confirmed and 57.5 ± 20.6 in the suspected cases. The confirmed and suspected cases’ mortality rate was 15.0% and 10.2%, respectively. In both groups, the most common symptoms of admission to the hospital were respiratory distress, coughing, fever, and muscular pain. The variables of older age, male gender, being transferred to hospitals by ambulance, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, being intubated, blood oxygen saturation level less than 93, and having an underlying disease were statistically associated with an increased chance of death.

The mortality rate among both confirmed and suspected hospitalized COVID-19 cases was significant, and this rate was higher for the confirmed cases. Death-related risk factors should be considered in resource allocation, management, and patient prioritization to reduce the outcome of death.

Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetic foot, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy are diabetes-related outcomes that can affect resilience, quality of life(QOL), and perceived support. This study was conducted to compare resilience, QOL, and perceived support in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study was a correlational study conducted in the form of a case-control design and was carried out in Tehran, Iran. For this purpose, 80 patients including40women and 40 men were selected based on purposeful sampling method during summer 2018. Three questionnaires of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), Family Quality ofLife Questionnaire (FQOL),and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)were completed by the participants during a period of time. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software.

The difference between the mean scores of men and women in the resilience variable was significant and higher in women (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of men and women in the variables of quality offamily life and perceived support and it was higher in women (P < 0.01 for all).

The relationship between resilience, QOL, and perceived support variables with demographic indices is important and can be clinically relevant in planning appropriate interventions in patients with diabetes.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective psychological approach for chronic mood disorders.This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of MBCT on depression and anxiety in women with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) within a 3-month follow-up.

This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. Study populationconsisted of 200 women with SLEin Sari, Iran, in 2016. Of whom, 30 depressed and anxious women were selected and assigned to two 15-member groups randomly. Experimental group participated in 8 sessions of intervention, while control group were in waiting list. MBCT was educated to women. To collect data, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were employed at baseline and follow-up stages. To analyze data, descriptive statistics[mean and standard deviation (SD)] and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used through SPSS software.

There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in scores of depression and anxiety in post intervention and follow-up stages (P < 0.001).

MBCT could decrease chronic negative mood symptoms such as anxiety and depression in patients with SLE. We suggest this psychological approach for women with SLE.

The purpose of this study was determination of the prevalence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) in patients who had traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide.

Four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched in this meta-analysis. The random-effects model was appliedfor the pooled effect size of I2> 50%. Subgroup analysis was done to evaluate the heterogeneity, and the Egger’s test was used to test the asymmetry of the funnel plots in order to assess the publication bias.

A total of 48 studies with 11624 patients were evaluated. The pooled prevalence of PTH was 13% [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0-15.0] and according to decompressive craniectomy (DC) surgery was 22.0% (95% CI: 18.0-26.0). This result among patients with severe TBI (sTBI) was 16.0% (95% CI: 13.0-19.0) and it was higher in the developed countries. The prevalence of PTH was generally higher in studies with a sample size lower than 100 (21.0%) and was generally lower in studies conducted between 1990 to1999 (4.0%). These results were not toodifferent according to the study design.

It is recommended to design a prospective clinical study in order to explain the true dynamics and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after DC. Moreover, there is a need to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DC in reducing the intracranial pressure in comparison with other available options. In fact, performing the clinical studies with higher quality in less developed countries could provide more reliable related results to achieve a true global conclusion.

As a chronic psychological and social disorder, addiction has caused concern in many societies. Many researches are needed to explain the factors affecting addiction to provide better knowledge and offer treatment strategies for its prevention. Character strengths, as one of the new theories related to positive psychology, can play a vital role in explaining addiction; therefore, the present study is aimed to investigate addiction prevention based on the character strengths.

This narrative review study used the keywordsof “character strengths”, “addiction”, “drug use”, “drug abuse”, and “addiction tendency”, which were used in Persianand English databases.

Character strengthsas positive human characteristicsreduced the vulnerability of people to addiction by improving individual and interpersonal strengthsin different areas of life.

The results of the present study have important implications for rehabilitators and addiction counselors in addiction prevention and empowerment of recovered addicts; therefore, paying attention to character strengths in mental and social health programs based on different levels of prevention could be of a great effectiveness.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) and body image are interrelated and could affect mental health.This study aims to examine the relationship between SD and body image with mental health in women.

This was a correlational study and statistical population was all married women at age of 25-50 who referred to gynecology centers in Tehran, Iran, in Mar 2015. 150 women who referred to gynecological clinics in two regions of 4 and 8 in Tehran, were chosen using conveniencesampling method. They filled 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ), and Body Image Scale (BIS). Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and regression through SPSS software.

The relationship between SD disorders syndrome and negative body image with mental health was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Negative self-image could have a negative effect on SD syndrome and it could predict poor mental health in women.